by TIM HICKS

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Introduction

Currently, the single biggest unsolved crime story in the UK is the disappearance of Claudia Lawrence (pictured above, right) in York in 2009. Claudia was a thirty-five-year-old chef at the University of York’s Goodricke College, who was last seen at around 3.05pm on Wednesday the 18^th of March 2009, at the junction of Heworth Road and East Parade, walking back towards her home on Heworth Road, York.

She spoke to her father and mother that evening over the telephone and later sent a text message to a friend. The last text message from her phone was sent at 8:23 p.m. She has not been heard from since. Claudia was due to walk the three miles to work on Thursday the 19^th of March for a shift beginning at 6am. But did not turn up for work on that day. She was reported missing the next day and her disappearance has been declared a murder.

See, at 8 mins, the first Crimewatch UK appeal in which NYP focussed its hunt for her killer on her personal life. See the second Crimewatch UK appeal here.

Despite a massive investigation by North Yorkshire Police (NYP), Claudia’s body has never been found.

Christopher Halliwell

Serial Killer Christopher Halliwell (pictured above, left) was arrested in 2011 for the murder of Sian O’Callaghan and Becky Godden-Edwards in Swindon. Subsequently Detective Superintendent Stephen Fulcher who arrested Halliwell stated that he believed Halliwell may be responsible for Claudia’s murder. Claudia’s murder is entirely consistent with Halliwell’s modus operandi.

Enter NYE reader Arrin Stoner

On the 18^th of March 2015, NYP made an appeal with CCTV showing a man behaving suspiciously near Claudia’s home at about 19.15 on the 18^th of March 2009. The NYP appeal with the footage can be seen here. Other footage taken on the 19^th of March was subsequently released.

The NYE has an international reputation for quality criminal investigations. We have built up contacts through the Global Investigative Journalists Network and our readership includes retired Police Officers and investigators in the UK, Europe and the United States.

One of these is Arrin Stoner, from Los Angeles, who was a security consultant in the casino industry in Los Angeles working on surveillance and loss prevention. He is sometimes hired as a consultant by private investigators to analyse CCTV.

Arrin has his own YouTube channel which specialises in investigations of crimes that involve analysis of CCTV. He uses YouTube to showcase his skills.

Arrin’s analysis of the NYP CCTV and the Claudia Lawrence case can be seen below:

Arrin Stoner Claudia Lawrence analysis 2022

Arrin has produced twenty-two enhanced images of the face of the man in the NYP footage, which he forwarded to me. An extract from his covering letter is reproduced below:

“My name is Arrin Stoner and I have a YouTube channel where I research and analyze missing person and murder cases. Recently, a subscriber told me about the Claudia Lawrence case. I live in Los Angeles so Claudia’s case isn’t as high profile here as it is in the UK, therefore, I had never heard about her case, nor had I ever heard of Christopher Halliwell. Because of my lack of knowledge, I had no inclinations or biases of who this person could possibly be.

I spent hundreds of hours analyzing the CCTV footage captured in the side street near Claudia’s house on the night of March 18th and the morning of March 19th. I extracted hundreds of frames and edited them down to around 50. I sent those over to North Yorkshire PD several weeks ago and never heard back from them.

I am forwarding you some of the images because I think the public will find them interesting. After spending hundreds of hours going through the footage, it’s my opinion that the man seen outside Claudia’s house the evening of March 18th and the morning of March 19th is Christopher Halliwell.”

Initially sceptical, I nearly fell off my seat when I viewed the images in full resolution. Halliwell has a slim build, a receding hairline, big ears, a long face and a big nose. Features which reflect light quite well and are well suited for CCTV recognition at night in the light emanating from street lights.

As you would expect from enhanced CCTV images from thirteen years ago, the images are grainy and would not stand up as identification evidence in court. However, upon careful viewing, they are, in my opinion, consistent with Halliwell. Unfortunately, it is unhelpful to view the enhanced images within the very limiting low-resolution constraints of the 620 x 350 pixels (landscape format) size reproduceable on the NYE.

Initially, I was merely cautious. In accordance with our editorial policy, I asked for a second opinion from one of our readers who is a retired senior Police Officer who worked as a detective on murder investigations. His response is below:

“Thank you for very kindly forwarding me the enhanced images to look at.

Yes, you have to take your time and focus but to my eyes some of the images would appear to have the same facial detail as Halliwell.

In my humble opinion, if this type of enhancement hasn’t been carried out by North Yorkshire Police then these, along with the other circumstantial evidence against Halliwell, should be a game changer.

Surely with these images and the other circumstantial evidence it is enough to justify opening up a cold case review. Who knows, Halliwell if interviewed may be ready to talk. Surely it is worth trying to bring about justice and some closure for the family and friends of Claudia Lawrence.

I do hope there can be progress on this case through yours and the other interested parties highlighting the growing evidence pointing to Halliwell as the killer.

I would hope publicity about the enhanced images and circumstantial evidence from the book results in a positive response from North Yorkshire Police.

Please keep in touch and if I can assist in any way do not hesitate to contact me.”

Refusal by NYP to pursue all lines of enquiry

Having obtained this verification, I forwarded all the images to NYP stating that I thought the features resembled Halliwell. I asked NYP to see if the images could be enhanced any further and to perform gait analysis on the man in both CCTV clips. I also asked for a media statement.

The response to this information was exactly the same as it was to Arrin. It was ignored.

Halliwell’s arrest in 2011, revealed him to be a credible suspect for Claudia’s murder. However, the decision in 2009 to focus the investigation on Claudia’s circle of friends has, I believe, led to him being ignored as a suspect.

Halliwell has never been impartially investigated as a suspect and eliminated. He has not even been interviewed about her murder. Claudia’s brave mother Joan has summed it up perfectly:

“I still don’t feel the police have investigated the link between Claudia’s disappearance and Christopher Halliwell. The police may not have proved he had anything to do with my daughter’s disappearance, but they haven’t disproved it either”.

Time to call in Scotland Yard

According to former detective Mark Williams-Thomas here, the NYP investigation into Claudia’s murder – codenamed Operation Cabin and led by Detective Superintendent Ray Galloway – was “poor”. In 2013, NYP re-opened the investigation under the codename Operation Essence.

Reading through the NYE’s coverage of the Claudia Lawrence case below:

• Post mortem on Operation Cabin – Part 1
• Post mortem on Operation Cabin – Part 2
• Post mortem on Operation Essence – Part 1
• Post mortem on Operation Essence – Part 2
• Claudia: Where Now

It is clear that the investigation was bungled from Day 1. The impression is of a Force that was completely out of its depth in performing an investigation of this scale and complexity.

Ignoring the enhanced CCTV images is only the latest example of investigative failure.

In this documentary, retired Detective Chief Inspector (DCI) Colin Sutton – the man who caught serial killer Levi Bellfield – asserts that NYP was too small a Force to have enough experienced senior detectives to handle an investigation of this scope and complexity.

I agree with DCI Sutton’s assessment.

In my article Claudia: the Other Victims, I described how, during the course of the investigation, six men have been arrested and had their names released to the press by NYP, to bring further pressure to bear on them. None of them was remanded in custody or charged with any offence and they have all now been released from Police bail.

NYP appears to be obsessively pursuing a belief that the murderer is a local man that knew Claudia and ignoring all other lines of enquiry.

I believe the reason for this is that if the killer turns out to be Halliwell, NYP will have to admit that it bungled the murder investigation and wrongfully arrested six innocent men – thereby ruining their lives.

The possibility of a successful outcome has been harmed by the failings of successive NYP investigations. I nevertheless believe that Claudia’s case is solvable. However, in my view, this can only occur if an impartial cold case review is conducted by a very senior detective from another Force.

For the sake of Claudia’s family and friends, it is time for Chief Constable Winward to stop protecting the reputation of her Force by preventing impartial scrutiny of the investigation.

She should request a review by Scotland Yard.

This is now the only way Claudia’s family and friends will find out what happened to her.

Right of Reply

NYP was provided with a draft of this article and invited to comment. NYP used its policy of proscribing the NYE, to evade its duty to comment.

If you are mentioned in this article and do not agree with the views expressed in it, or if you wish to correct any factual inaccuracy, please let me know using the letters@nyenquirer.uk e mail address and your views and a correction will be published if appropriate.

NYE Appeal for Information

Whenever the authors run an article on a cold case, the NYE always runs an appeal for information, to try to keep the case in the public eye and generate information.

Christopher Halliwell had a slim athletic build and spoke with a slight Swindon accent. He is pictured in the lead illustration in 2011, two years after the murder of Claudia Lawrence. You can see and hear him in the video here.

• Did he offer you a lift in his minicab?
• Did you know of Christopher Halliwell’s Father Alan Keith Halliwell who is believed to have lived in Huddersfield, York, Ampleforth and/or Oswaldkirk and who previously served in the RAF at Swindon and other locations?
• Did you see Christopher Halliwell staying in a bed and breakfast or hotel along the A19, in Darlington, Middlesbrough, Scarborough, York or the North York Moors area?
• Did you see Christopher Halliwell?

Claudia Lawrence

Might you have seen Christoipher Halliwell:

• Fishing at Scarborough?
• Fishing at Whitby?
• Fishing at Scaling Dam?
• Fishing at Sand Hutton Gravel Pits?
• Fishing at York University Lake?
• In York?
• At Ampleforth?
• At Oswaldkirk?
• At the Kilburn White Horse?
• At the Nag’s Head or the Acomb Hotel in York?

Vicky Glass and Donna Keogh

• In Middlesbrough?
• Fishing at Scaling Dam?
• Fishing along the River Tees?
• Fishing at Scarborough?
• Fishing at Whitby?
• On the North York Moors?

Ann Heron

• In Darlington?
• Fishing along the River Tees?

Any information would considerably assist our knowledge of Halliwell’s movements. So please contact the NYE in complete confidence using our e mail address: news@nyenquirer.uk if you think you can help.

Reviewed by TIM HICKS

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Introduction

Levi Bellfield is one of the most notorious British serial killers of the last fifty years — his name alone evokes horror and revulsion, after committing a string of brutal attacks on women. His crimes are familiar to the public because they were covered in the major drama starring Martin Clunes, also entitled ‘Manhunt’. When I saw that the Senior Investigating Officer that led the investigation had published a book on it, I snapped it up and started reading.

It was a good buy. I only review a book if I can give a good review and recommendation to our readers. This is a very good book and I had no hesitation in asking the Editor to publish a review.

Review

The author is Detective Chief Inspector (DCI) Colin Sutton, a career detective in the Metropolitan Police who led Operation Yeaddiss, the investigation of the murder of Miss Amélie Delagrange, a French citizen, who was found dying on Friday the 19^th of August 2004 on Twickenham Green, London.

The book does not purport to be an account of all the investigations into Bellfield, or his life. It is important to note that the more prominent murder of Milly Dowler (Operation Ruby) was handled by Surrey Police, not the Metropolitan Police. So it was not within the remit of Operation Yeardiss and Major Investigation Team 7 of the Metropolitan Police’s Homicide Investigation Command that the author led. The Dowler murder is only covered in so far as it touched on the Metropolitan Police investigation into Bellfield.

The book sets out the way the investigation into Amelie’s murder proceeded, along various lines of enquiry, including:

• The search for Amelie’s missing handbag and mobile `phone.
• The mobile phone telemetry that led the search to Walton Bridge on the River Thames, where the mobile ‘phone was recovered. Thereby revealing the murderer’s escape route and that a vehicle had been involved.
• Use of CCTV to identify that a white van with distinctive individual features had been used in the attack, then linking it to the point where the handbag had been discarded.
• Identifying the van as a Ford Courier manufactured between 1996 and 2000, the particular individual characteristics of the van that the police were looking for and the search for it. Interestingly, the author believes in analysing previous large cases and had studied the Yorkshire Ripper investigation. During this investigation West Yorkshire Police abandoned that search for Sutcliffe’s vehicle based on tyre prints, because of the vast amounts of manpower it was consuming, even though it was a very promising line of enquiry. It was his analysis of this case which made him determined to maintain the vehicle investigation, despite the manpower constraints.

Photograph of a white Ford Courier van with the identifying features to assist police recognition.

• Review of similar crimes in the area, which initially identified six attacks that could possibly be linked to Amelie’s murder.
• Review of “MO Suspects”- local men that had committed similar crimes and could be the murderer.
• Follow up of tips from the public on people that could be the killer, which led to the first mention of the name Levi Bellfield and confirmation that he had a white van. This led to his designation as a prime suspect and the decision to put Bellfield under surveillance.
• Simultaneously following up on other cases that appeared to have been linked. Including international liaison to arrange the return of a lady who was thought to be one of Bellfield’s victims and who had returned to South America. So that she could participate in an identity parade and identify Bellfield, so he could be charged straight away. This “holding charge” would be used to ensure Bellfield’s questioning could continue beyond the initial detention period upon arrest.

The critical decision to arrest him, even though there was not enough evidence to charge him at that point is very well described.

Hunter and Hunted

DCI Colin Sutton (left) and the man he hunted from August 2004 until his conviction for two murders and an attempted murder

in February 2008, serial killer Levi Bellfield.

The description of the interrogation strategy worked out beforehand, to exploit every piece of information and knowledge about Bellfield to obtain evidence from him during his interrogation was fascinating. The primary objective was to charge Bellfield with a holding charge, so he could be questioned at length. Unfortunately the investigation had a major setback when the South American witness failed to identify Bellfield as her attacker. They recovered from this set back and exploited the extra time a suicide attempt by Bellfield requiring a hospital visit gave them, to interview three of Bellfield’s former partners and persuade them to give evidence against him. This resulted in him being charged with nine offences of rape, buggery and assault and being remanded in custody.

Despite having had Bellfield charged with serious offences and remanded in custody, the investigation nevertheless remained focussed on the primary task; conviction of Bellfield for the murder of Amélie Delagrange. Bellfield’s removal from the streets led to more witnesses coming forward and the detectives cleverly exploited this change, to develop more evidence on the Delagrange murder and the other serious crimes in the Metropolitan Police District (MPD) Operation Yeardiss had identified him as a suspect for. These were:

• Attempted abduction of Anna-Maria Rennie: Bellfield tried to bundle seventeen year old Anna-Maria Rennie into his van. Incredibly, she bravely fought back, freed herself and ran off. Bellfield had been accompanied by a friend, who subsequently came forward to police. The victim had also reported this crime, was traced and identified Bellfield as her assailant.
• Murder of Marsha McDonnell (Operation Upwey): Incredibly, this murder of a nineteen year old who was walking home from a bus stop had been closed on the basis that a sixteen year old mentally retarded boy who could not stand trial was the killer. The decision to close the case was challenged and it was re-opened. The Operation Yeardiss Team was able to obtain enough evidence to convict Bellfield of the murder.
• Attempted murder of Irma Dragoshi: Bellfield hit her over the back of her head with a blunt instrument while she was at a bus stop talking on the phone to her husband. A friend of Bellfield’s had been with him when he made the attack and reported it to the police once Bellfield was remanded in custody.
• Attempted murder of Kate Sheedy (Operation Zenda): Bellfield ran Kate Sheedy over and then reversed over her. Because this was an attempted murder it did not get the allocation of resources it needed. The original investigation had not followed up all lines of enquiry. It was therefore re-opened with Bellfield as a suspect. This led to the discovery of a CCTV tape which showed Bellfield driving a vehicle at the time and place of the attack, which had not been viewed by the original investigating team.
• Attack on Peter Rodrigues, drug dealing and multiple rapes of underage girls: Bellfield was also a drug dealer. He intimidated his associate Peter Rodrigues into hiding drugs in his mother’s flat while she was in hospital. When Rodrigues tried to end this arrangement, he was brutally beaten with a mallet and only narrowly survived. Bellfield also used the flat and other locations to ply underage girls with drugs and rape them. Unfortunately the investigation was not able to produce enough evidence to proceed against Bellfield, or against four men suspected of participating in some of these crimes with him.

The author’s previous service with Surrey Police meant that he was familiar with the facts of the Millie Dowler case. He was the first to connect Bellfield to it, when he realised that Bellfield had access to a flat next to Station Avenue, Walton on Thames, where Millie Dowler had disappeared. A quick telephone call to one of his former colleagues in Surrey Police CID initiated the investigative chain that led to Bellfield’s conviction for Milly Dowler’s murder. The book then describes how after Bellfield’s arrest the author briefed the Surrey Police Team on Bellfield and re-focussed it away from a different prime suspect and onto Bellfield.

Nevertheless the prosecuting barrister refused to take the Milly Dowler case to trial alongside the Metropolitan Police cases, for lack of evidence. A major disappointment for the author and both the Surrey and Metropolitan teams of detectives.

The human aspect is also reported. The personal pressure on the author and his team was enormous, not just from a determination to obtain justice for Amélie Delagrange and the hours they were working. But also from knowing that they were in a race to arrest Bellfield before he killed again and that the consequence of any incorrect decision, could be loss of life and the end of his career as a detective. The highs and lows of the investigation are discussed; as are the emotions involved in participating in an investigation into brutal crimes committed by a ruthless sadist. Anger, sadness, disappointment, sympathy, frustration, self-doubt, an obsessive determination to obtain justice for the victims, but most of all, fear that Bellfield would kill again before he could be arrested.

Unusually for a Senior Police Officer, the author is openly and highly critical of failures in the investigative processes into Bellfield by both the Metropolitan and Surrey forces. He pulls no punches. His criticism is incisive, dispassionate and clearly set out. Particularly concerning is his description of the inexplicable failure to arrest and charge Bellfield with a rape committed in Battersea, the way Bellfield manipulated the police and the suspicion that Bellfield was operating as an unregistered informant for the Metropolitan Police.

As well as the course of the above Metropolitan Police investigations and liaison with Surrey Police, the book describes the conflicts, issues, administration and liaison tasks that a Senior Investigative Officer (SIO) on a major investigation has to deal with:

• Reorganising Operation Yeardiss into a major investigation, requiring the expansion of the team, to cover multiple investigations all underway at the same time. It eventually consisted of three teams headed by a Detective Inspector to cover the Marsha McDonnell, Kate Sheedy and Amelie Legrange cases, sub teams for the other cases, supported by a HOLMES (Home Office Large Major Enquiry System) Team, an Exhibits Team and an Intelligence Team, which additionally liaised with Surrey Police over the Milly Dowler investigation.
• Ensuring the victim’s parents were informed, and family liaison with them and the French authorities.
• Briefing senior officers.
• Obtaining office space to accommodate a major investigative team and the equipment to go through all the CCTV footage.
• Managing the manpower and overtime budget.
• Arranging a Microsoft Access database to manage the result of the van tracing enquiries, because the HOLMES was not available.
• Making arrangements for the arrest operation and then dealing with the potential disaster of the News of the World releasing the news that the police were about to arrest Bellfield. Potentially alerting Bellfield and allowing him to destroy evidence and escape.
• Contingency planning for surveillance of Bellfield if he was not remanded in custody to await trial, which in the event did not have to be implemented.
• Liaison with the Prison Service, so Bellfield’s calls could be monitored and any information that he imparted to fellow prisoners could be obtained and assessed, while he was on remand.
• Arranging support for Bellfield’s victims, particularly where there was insufficient evidence to charge him with the crimes he had committed against them.
• Visiting Amélie Delagrange’s parents to confirm that they had arrested Bellfield and the awful task of disclosing to them that Amélie’s death was probably avoidable as a result of failure in the investigation into the attempted murder of Kate Sheedy.
• Arranging for access to the databases for the Marsha McDonnell and Kate Sheedy investigations and transfer of the files, and exhibits. So the Delagrange investigation could be extended to cover those unsolved crimes.
• Media strategy, including briefing the BBC Crimewatch Team on an appeal for information. The investigation was viewed at the time as a model of how to interact with the media and influence the reporting.
• Obtaining use of a custody suite in the Thames Valley Police force area close to the prison that Bellfield was remanded in for the charging process.
• Case conferences with the prosecuting counsel.
• Pre-trial document review and disclosure, which required the reading of 60,000 documents and allocation of more manpower.
• Safeguarding and movement of the exhibits to the court and preparation of No 6 Court at the Old Bailey for the trial, which required installation of CCTV monitors and a HOLMES link so the documents could be accessed quickly.

The description of the trail and legal argument is masterful. Especially the ordeal of brave Kate Sheedy at the hands of defence counsel, when she gave evidence against Bellfield in the Old Bailey. Bellfield was convicted of the murders of Amelie Legrande and Marsha McDonnell, and the attempted murder of Kate Sheedy. The jury failed to come to a verdict on the attempted murders of Anna-Maria Rennie and Irma Dragoshi. The Judge Her honour Mrs Justice Rafferty ordered that these charges and the nine charges of rape, buggery and assault Bellfield was originally charged with should lay on file, ready to be used again should his convictions be quashed on appeal. On the 25^th of February 2008 she jailed Bellfield for life.

The penultimate chapter covers a number of other attacks on victims that Bellfield may have committed, which are well described. Along with the reasoning for deducing that Bellfield committed them. I thought this chapter was very well written, but that this aspect of Bellfield’s offending and life really deserves more attention, certainly more than could be provided in a work of this size and nature. The arguments for and against re-opening these cases and prosecuting Bellfield, even though he was by then incarcerated on a full life term are clearly and dispassionately set out.

The book is 313 pages long, with 14 colour photographs and one artist’s impression. My favourite photograph is of a white van with the individual specific features of the white Ford Courier van they were looking for identified on the photograph (shown above). This demonstrates the meticulous attention to detail that was applied to this aspect of the investigation. Although this was arguably the most important photograph in the Bellfield investigation, so far as I am aware, it has never been published before. There is also and one black and white reproduction of the letter sent to the Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police at the conclusion of Bellfield’s trial by Her Honour Mrs Justice Rafferty. In which she commended DCI Sutton and seven other police officers from his team for their part in the investigation.

Unfortunately, there is no map of the area showing where the murders took place or an index. However, these are not major failings and do not detract from the quality of the book.

The above image is not from the book. It is included here as an example and to assist the reader by putting these events in geographical context.

In my opinion “Manhunt” is a good book, well written and easy to read. It is a comprehensive account of all the aspects of convicting a serial killer in a complex multi force investigation, from the initial report of a crime through identification of a suspect, identifying and linking other crimes, arrest, interrogation, liaison with the prosecuting lawyers to obtain authority to charge, charging, trial and the subsequent antecedent investigation. I found it to be a gripping account of a complex multi-force investigation into multiple murders committed by a misogynistic serial killer.

The book is published by John Blake publishing price £8.99 and can be purchased from their website here. I have no hesitation in commending it, particularly to our readers that are police officers and aspire to be a SIO, or simply want to read a clear and comprehensive account of a successful investigation into a serial killer. In my opinion it should also be compulsory reading for crime journalists, so they have an understanding of the impact that irresponsible and unprofessional journalism can have on an investigation and trial.

Other sources

For those of our readers that prefer information in audio visual format, this program includes interviews with many of the officers that investigated Bellfield. Link here.

Note on the Milly Dowler investigation

The Milly Dowler investigation by Surrey Police is not core to the book, but I have added a note to the review for readers to have a fuller understanding of the overall Levi Bellfield investigation.

Clockwise left to right:

Levi Bellfield, Millie Dowler, Marsha McDonnell, Amélie Delagrange, Detective Chief Inspector Colin Sutton (Ret’d)

Following on from the decision not to charge Bellfield with the murder of Milly Dowler, Surrey Police carried on with their investigation. More evidence emerged, including the attempted abduction of eleven year old Rachel Cowles, also in the Surrey Force Area.

The day before he abducted Milly Dowler, Bellfield tried to persuade Rachel to get into his car. She was suspicious of him and refused to get in at which point a marked police car came into view and Bellfield drove off. She told her father who passed a very accurate description of Bellfield and the car he was driving to Surrey Police. Although this offence took place about a mile away from where Milly Dowler was abducted, Surrey Police did not connect it to Milly Dowler’s disappearance. It was only connected in 2005 following an appeal for information about the car Bellfield was driving, when Rachel’s Father wrote to Surrey Police and raised concerns that the two cases could be linked.

Eventually Surrey Police were able to amass enough evidence for Bellfield to be tried for both offences. He was convicted of Milly Dowling’s murder on the 23^rd of June 2011 and received a second life sentence. He is the only serial killer to receive two life sentences, indicating just how dangerous he was.